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Maria Dri Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

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Francesca Gioia Klinger Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

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Massimo De Felici Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

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, stimulating at the same time granulosa cell proliferation and reducing DNA fragmentation in such cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway. In this regard, it is worthy to mention that in a model of mouse gestational diabetes, the PMF formation in the ovaries of a

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Rachel T Cox Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Joanna Poulton Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Suzannah A Williams Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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influence whether each fertilized egg will result in a healthy embryo are still not understood. The mature egg is the largest cell in the body, and the cytoplasm contains everything required for early embryo development apart from the paternal DNA

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Shen Chuen Khaw NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK

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Zhen Zhe Wong International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Richard Anderson MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK

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Sarah Martins da Silva Reproductive Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), which oxidises the lipid membrane and causes fragmentation of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in sperm ( de Lamirande & Gagnon 1992 , Kodama et al. 1997 , Gomez et al. 1998

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Roseanne Rosario MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Wanyuan Cui Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

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Richard A Anderson MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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, niraparib, and talazoparib DNA repair including single-strand breaks, nucleotide excision repair, non-homologous end joining, homologous repair, and DNA mismatch repair Direct damage and death of primordial follicle oocytes, granulosa cell dysfunction

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G Hughes Assisted Conception Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK

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S Martins da Silva Assisted Conception Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
Reproductive Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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.1186/s12915-021-00976-8 ) Bollwein H Fuchs I Koess C 2008 Interrelationship between plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa . Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43 189

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Dimitra Apostolia Androni Assisted Conception Service, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde,Glasgow, UK

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Sophie Dodds Semovo Ltd, Manchester Fertility, Cheadle, UK

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Mathew Tomlinson Fertility Unit, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
School of Medicine, Division Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

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Walid E Maalouf School of Medicine, Division Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

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Erkanli Şenturk G Ercan F 2017 Cryopreservation triggers DNA fragmentation and ultrastructural damage in spermatozoa of oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men . Marmara Medical Journal 30 63 – 72 . ( https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.344797

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Valéria Barradas Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Mariana Pereira Antoniassi Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Paula Intasqui Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marcilio Nichi Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Hospital São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Deborah Montagnini Spaine Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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testis of men with varicocele ( Fujisawa et al. 1999 ), which may have started in adolescence, as evidenced in a study that showed the presence of proteins with important role in DNA repair and promoting apoptosis (SMG1 and IBP3) exclusively in

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Beril Yuksel Istanbul Sisli Memorial Hospital, Department of ART and Reproductive Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye

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Gonul Ozer Istanbul Sisli Memorial Hospital, Department of ART and Reproductive Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye

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Ipek Nur Balin Duzguner Istanbul Sisli Memorial Hospital, Department of ART and Reproductive Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye

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Aysu Akca Istanbul Sisli Memorial Hospital, Department of ART and Reproductive Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye

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Yesim Kumtepe Istanbul Sisli Memorial Hospital, Department of ART and Reproductive Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye

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Hakan Yelke Istanbul Sisli Memorial Hospital, Department of ART and Reproductive Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye

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Semra Kahraman Istanbul Sisli Memorial Hospital, Department of ART and Reproductive Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye

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George Liperis Westmead Fertility Centre, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.

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Munevver Serdarogullari Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Türkiye

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miscarriage rates, such as paternal age and sperm DNA fragmentation, will further highlight the importance of a holistic approach when consulting patients. In addition there is a lack on data on the number of miscarriages. With further validation, it would

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Steven Reynolds Imaging Sciences, Department of Immunity, Infection and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK

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Sarah J Calvert Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, UK

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Stephen J Walters School of Health Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield, UK

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Martyn N Paley Imaging Sciences, Department of Immunity, Infection and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK

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Allan A Pacey Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, UK

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.e. viability, morphology and DNA fragmentation, the method provides a means to creating sperm populations that differ in motility. In a previous study, we applied this method to normozoospermic ejaculates and measured the endogenous sperm metabolome of higher

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Noble K Kurian Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

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Deepak Modi Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health and Child Health (NIRRCH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India

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. Infection-associated inflammation can lead to elevated cytokine levels, collagen remodeling, and membrane weakening leading to preterm delivery. Surve et al. (2016) reported that membrane vesicles of GBS contributed to collagen fragmentation and membrane

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