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Complete Fertility, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
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the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the British Fertility Society (BFS) advocated a precautionary approach, advising infertility patients planning treatment to
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Graphical abstract
A mouse model to study uterine specific contributions to pregnancy.
Maternal environmental exposures can exert impacts on the ability of the uterus to sustain healthy pregnancy. To establish an in vivo model to study this, we designed an ovariectomized mouse embryo transfer model. The rationale being future studies could expose recipient female mice to variables such as altered diet, drug, temperature, air, or activity exposure among others to define their impacts on the uterine contribution to pregnancy. Ovariectomy ensures the extent of the variable is limited to exploring outcomes on uterine but not ovarian function. Embryo transfer from healthy, unexposed donor mice guarantees that any impacts of the variable are attributed to the maternal uterine but not the embryonic state. Pregnancy outcomes including pregnancy success (number of implantation sites) and viability (number of viable vs resorbing implantation sites) can be investigated. Numerous functional outcomes can be assessed, including developmental competence encompassing decidual, placental, fetal, and vascular morphology and/or function (e.g. measured using Doppler ultrasound, comparisons of fetal growth, or molecular or histological characterization of the decidua, placenta, and fetal tissues).
Lay summary
Many pregnancy complications occur because of problems in the womb (uterus), specifically the womb lining. There is a close relationship between the hormone function of the ovaries and the uterus and distinguishing between the way they both impact pregnancy success is difficult in existing studies using animals. Here, we developed a new animal model to utilize in addressing these gaps in our understanding of pregnancy.
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The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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negative mTOR regulators Tsc1 ( Adhikari et al. 2010 ) and Tsc2 ( Adhikari et al. 2009 ) led to overactivation of primordial follicles and subsequent infertility, though interestingly, mTOR itself may not be necessary for primordial follicle
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. 2007 ). AZFa has a genomic extension of 1.1 Mb and includes a microdeletion found as de novo mutation event in about 9% of infertile men with a severe testicular pathology including complete germ cell aplasia ( Kamp et al. 2001 ). AZFa is thus part
Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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). POI can lead to infertility, hypoestrogenism, as well as mental distress ( Nelson 2009 ). The hypoestrogenic environment resulting from POI can result in poor bone health with an increased risk of fracture ( Marino & Misra 2011 , Batey et al. 2013
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Introduction Infertility is one of the most common chronic diseases among people of childbearing age, affecting roughly 8% to 12% of reproductive-aged couples worldwide ( Boivin et al. 2007 ), with men and women contributing almost equally
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Gynecologic Division, BP – A Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gynecologic Division, BP – A Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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endometriosis 36.1 ± 5.6 Cervical canal (67), posterior fornix (65), eutopic endometrium (2) Microbiome Shotgun sequencing 36 controls: infertility, myomas, ovarian borderline tumor, and teratoma Hernandes et al. (2020) Case
Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Priority Research Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Perfluoroalkyl chemicals and male reproductive health: do PFOA and PFOS increase risk for male infertility? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 3794 . ( https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073794 ) Toft G Jönsson BAG Lindh CH
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Purpose
To evaluate the association between a rise in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels during artificial frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles and clinical pregnancy rate.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of women undergoing artificial FET cycles. We compared cycles in which LH double itself from the early follicular phase and further (group A) to cycles without a rise in LH (group B). Endometrium preparation was achieved by administration of 2 mg three times per day estradiol valerate tablets. Embryo transfer (ET) was conducted after achieving endometrial thickness > 7 mm and vaginal progesterone was added according to the embryo’s age. A beta-hCG was measured 13–14 days after ET. Clinical pregnancy was diagnosed on transvaginal ultrasound.
Results
Data from 984-FET cycles were retrieved. LH, exogenous estradiol (E2), progesterone values, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy outcomes were available in all patients. From 984-FET cycles, 629 (63.9%) had a doubling, and 355 (36.07%) had no rise in LH. Patients mean age was 30 years, similar in both groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was calculated to assess the effect of LH rise and pregnancy outcomes, after adjusting for confounders including a rise in E2 level and endometrial thickness. In this model, there was no association between doubling LH values and pregnancy rates (adjusted odds ratio: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.75–1.5, P = 0.74).
Conclusion
LH rise during artificial FET cycles does not alter pregnancy rates. Apparently, hormonal monitoring of LH levels may not yield useful information in the artificial FET cycle and may be omitted.
Lay summary
Supplementation of estradiol, a hormone produced by the ovaries, starting at the beginning of the menstrual cycle of an artificially frozen embryo transfer (FET) can lead to a rise in luteinizing hormone (LH), the hormone that induces ovulation. Such a rise in LH may interfere with embryo implantation, the process where the embryo attaches to the inner lining of the uterus and, therefore, could affect the chances of pregnancy. The current study is the first to assess the effect of a dynamic rise in LH levels during FET cycles on pregnancy rates. This study found no difference in pregnancy rates between FET cycles where the LH doubled compared to cycles without such a rise in LH. Larger, prospective studies should be conducted to assess the impact of LH elevation on pregnancy outcomes.
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Hospital São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction Infertility, defined as the couple's failure to conceive after 12 months of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse, affects about 15% of couples in reproductive age and the male factor is associated in up to 50% of cases
