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John D West Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Clare A Everett Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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limitations of animal models Care is required when extrapolating from animal models to humans. Mammalian karyotypes have been rearranged during evolution; so specific human aneuploidies have no exact equivalent in model species ( Edwards 1994 , Ferguson

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0095
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Roberto Rodrigues da Rosa Filho Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Maíra Morales Brito Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thaís Gomes Faustino Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Leticia Lima de Almeida Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Verônica Correia Manoel Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Bruno Cogliati Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Camila Infantosi Vannucchi Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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) ( Jena et al. 2013 ) and/or aglepristone, an antigestagen that blocks progesterone receptors ( Contri et al. 2015 ), in addition to other medical combinations and supportive care. Although conservative treatment protocols have proven efficient for

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-20-0020
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 2
Open access
Caitriona Brennan Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Kristina Chan Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Tanya Kumar Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Erica Maissy Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Linda Brubaker Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Marisol I Dothard Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Jack A Gilbert Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Katharine E Gilbert Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Amanda L Lewis Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Varykina G Thackray Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Amir Zarrinpar Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Jennifer Moreno Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Rob Knight Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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current standard of care is antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria: either oral or intravaginal metronidazole or intravaginal clindamycin is prescribed. There have been no new antibiotic treatments for BV in the past 50 years, and with post

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-23-0060
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 2
Open access
Kristian Galea Gonville & Caius College, Trinity Street, Cambridge, UK

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commonly held by the general public. The importance of nature and naturalness to society is acknowledged in an analysis by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2015) . From this, it is clear that the thoughts that underlie society’s reasons for caring

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0066
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 4
Open access
Christina M Merkley Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Allison N Renwick Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Sydney L Shuping Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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KaLynn Harlow Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Jeffrey R Sommer Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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Casey C Nestor Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

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function in humans and mice ( de Roux et al. 2003 , Seminara et al. 2003 , Topaloglu et al. 2012 ), which is compelling evidence that kisspeptin is an essential component of normal pubertal development and fertility. With nearly all GnRH neurons

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-20-0025
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 1
Open access
B Ogunlade Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

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S C Gbotolorun Anatomy Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

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O A Adedotun Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

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K Iteire Anatomy Department, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria

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J Adejayi Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

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PVC plastics, which is prevalent in personal care products, cosmetics, and medical devices, accounting for ~80% of the total phthalates’ global consumption ( Kamrin 2009 ). As DEHP is not chemically bound to PVC, it leaches easily, migrates, and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-22-0045
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 3
Open access
Francesca Hearn-Yeates EXPPECT Edinburgh and Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh, UK

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Andrew W Horne EXPPECT Edinburgh and Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh, UK

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Siobhain M O’Mahony Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

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Philippa T K Saunders EXPPECT Edinburgh and Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh, UK

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Fertility . AWH was not involved in the review or editorial process for this paper, on which he is listed as an author. AWH’s institution (The University of Edinburgh) has received payment for consultancy and grant funding from Roche Diagnostics to assist in

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-23-0085
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 2
Open access
Yoshinobu Ichikawa Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan

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Mei Matsuzaki Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan

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Shusei Mizushima Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

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Tomohiro Sasanami Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
Shizuoka Institute for the Study of Marine Biology and Chemistry, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan

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housed with male birds in the same cage (male:female = 1:3). All experimental procedures for the care and use of animals were carried out in accordance with approved guidelines of the Animal Care Committees of Shizuoka University (approval number: 2018A

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0115
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 3
Open access
Philippa T K Saunders Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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did not show genome-wide significance for any SNPs associated with endometriosis-related infertility although they recorded three SNPs at or near genes implicated in female fertility in model organisms. To identify loci for age at menarche, a meta

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Endometriosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-21-0078
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Justin Sinclair NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia

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Jason Abbott School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Gynaecological Research and Clinical Research (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, UNSW, Sydney NSW Australia

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Antonina Mikocka-Walus School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

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Cecilia Ng School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Gynaecological Research and Clinical Research (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, UNSW, Sydney NSW Australia
The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia

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Jerome Sarris NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

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Subhadra Evans School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

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Mike Armour NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ), Wellington, New Zealand

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of normal medical and gynaecological care were common, which deleteriously affected their decisions on being able to afford an alternative such as medicinal cannabis. The cost is prohibitive and I have been able to make changes with the medical

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-23-0049
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 4
Open access