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Rumiana Ganeva Research Department, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Dimitar Parvanov Research Department, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Denitsa Velikova Andrology Department, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Magdalena Vasileva Embryology Department, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Kristina Nikolova Embryology Department, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Georgi Stamenov Obsterics and Gynecology Department, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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obtained from 30 healthy donors’ germinal vesicles (GVs) after regular follicular puncture for egg donation. All included subjects signed written informed consent. Experimental design In this study, sperm morphology evaluation and SDF were compared

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Maria Handzhiyska Department of Research, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Rumiana Ganeva Department of Research, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Dimitar Parvanov Department of Research, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Margarita Ruseva Department of Research, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Petar Eftimov Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, SU St. Climent Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Vilyana Georgieva Department of Andrology, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Denitsa Velikova Department of Andrology, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Georgi Stamenov Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nadezhda Women’s Health Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria

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D – immotile. The percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (grades A+B) was also evaluated. Evaluation of sperm morphology Sperm morphology in each sample was evaluated according to Kruger’s strict criteria ( Kruger et al. 1986

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B Ogunlade Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

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S C Gbotolorun Anatomy Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

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O A Adedotun Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

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K Iteire Anatomy Department, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria

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J Adejayi Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

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compared to groups C, D, E, F, and G. Effect of VA and VC supplements on sperm morphology (neck, tail, and head defects and normal) on DEHP-induced normal and experimental rats The result revealed that rats treated with DEHP only (group B

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Shen Chuen Khaw NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK

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Zhen Zhe Wong International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Richard Anderson MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK

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Sarah Martins da Silva Reproductive Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW a,c Normal sperm morphology 1.39–32.73% MD 2.41% higher 0.79 higher to 4.03 higher – 438 6 RCTs ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW a,c Clinical pregnancy  Study population 113 per 1000 116 per 1000 61–221 1.03 (0

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Huidrom Yaiphaba Meitei Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

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Shubhashree Uppangala Division of Reproductive Genetics, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

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Vani Lakshmi R Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

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Guruprasad Kalthur Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

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Satish Kumar Adiga Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

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were observed except for a moderate decline in sperm morphology ( P  <  0.05) ( Table 1 ). The baseline semen characteristics in 20 (38%) subjects were below the WHO reference range; however, no significant decline in the ejaculate quality was observed

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Jason R Herrick Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, Nebrask, USA
Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA

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Cayla J Iske Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

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Rachel M Santymire Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Colleen Lynch Riverbanks Zoo and Garden, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

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Mattina Alonge Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Rebecca L Krisher Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA

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Cheryl L Morris Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, Nebrask, USA
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

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series, the volume of recovered sample was determined and small aliquots (~5 µL) were used to evaluate pH (pH Indicator Strip; Millipore Sigma), the proportion of motile sperm (0–100%), and sperm morphology (fixed in 0.4% glutaraldehyde) ( Howard 1993

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Lisa Windhofer Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Auke Boersma Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Maik Dahlhoff Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Thomas Rülicke Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria

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Kerstin E Auer Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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traits and the second analysis was performed after 2 h of incubation (T1) to assess the decline in sperm quality traits as an estimate for sperm longevity. Sperm morphology We further assessed sperm morphology to determine whether and how the

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Fabien Joao Fertilys Fertility Center, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Cyntia Duval Fertilys Fertility Center, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Marie-Claire Bélanger Fertilys Fertility Center, Laval, Quebec, Canada
Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), CHUM Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Julie Lamoureux Fertilys Fertility Center, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Cheng Wei Xiao Fertilys Fertility Center, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Senem Ates Fertilys Fertility Center, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Moncef Benkhalifa Fertilys Fertility Center, Laval, Quebec, Canada
Université Picardie Jules Verne, Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction et Laboratoire PERITOX, CBH-CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France

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Pierre Miron Fertilys Fertility Center, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Introduction Classical semen assessment consists of the analysis of standard descriptive sperm parameters such as concentration, motility and sperm morphology ( World Health Organization 2010 ). However, this analysis is limited and does not

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Alena J Hungerford Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

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Hassan W Bakos Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
Monash IVF Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Robert J Aitken Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

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in a wide variety of ways, including reduced sperm number, lowered sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology, impaired capacitation and sperm-egg recognition, lowered vitality, DNA damage, and oxidative stress ( Zini & Libman 2006 , Aitken & Roman

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Vanessa Caroline Fioravante Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil

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Alana Rezende Godoi Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil

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Victória Mokarzel de Barros Camargo Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil

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Patricia Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marcelo Martinez Department of Morphology and Pathology, Univ Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil

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Carlos Roberto Padovani Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil

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Francisco Eduardo Martinez Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil

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dividing the number of sperm within each of these regions by the daily sperm production ( Robb et al. 1978 ). Paternal sperm morphology The sperm from C and H groups were obtained by a wash of vas deferens with a PBS solution. The volume of 10 µL

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