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Introduction Preterm birth is defined as the delivery of the baby before 37 weeks of gestation. Worldwide 8–11% of all pregnancies result in preterm birth with some variation based on geographical locations and socioeconomic conditions
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The connection between vaginal microbiota-metabolite profiles and preterm delivery (PTD, birth <37 weeks’ gestation) has been a topical subject. Previous research has focused on specific metabolites using proton NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H
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NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton, UK
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NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton, UK
NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Complete Fertility, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
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increase the risk of birth-related complications, such as caesarean sections (CS), preterm delivery (PTD), placenta praevia (PP), and placental abruption (PA), and maternal medical disorders such as gestational diabetes (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of
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/inflammation-associated preterm delivery within 14 days of presentation with symptoms of preterm labour: a multivariate predictive model . PLoS ONE 14 e0222455. ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222455 ) Happel AU Kullin B Gamieldien H Wentzel N Zauchenberger
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pregnancy and delivery both at term or preterm. During pregnancy, the collagenous ECM of fetal membranes and cervix undergo continuous remodelling induced by MMPs in order to adapt to the growing fetus and uterus. MMPs (matrixins) are zinc
Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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timely delivery has been reported to lead to a four-fold reduction in perinatal death and severe asphyxia ( Lindqvist & Molin 2005 ). Identifying SGA before birth is difficult, however, and using population-based growth charts less than a quarter of all
Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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of delivery (e.g. vaginally vs cesarean section) has been shown to influence the infant GIT microbiome. Infants delivered vaginally are initially colonized by bacterial populations that closely resemble that of the mother’s vaginal microbiome (i
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with the host ( Liu et al. 2017 ). This microbial evolution continues throughout life influenced by several factors including genetic factors, mode of delivery, maternal and infant dietary habit, age, environment and pregnancy ( Saad et al. 2016
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between the groups in terms of implantation, clinical pregnancy, or live birth rates, although the pregnancy rates and deliveries were higher in group B, where the double air pocket technique of loading was utilized. There was also no benefit or
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& Signorello 2000 ). In addition, cigarette smoking during pregnancy has well-known effects on fetal developmental outcomes: these include an increased risk of fetal growth restriction, preterm birth and sudden infant death syndrome ( DiFranza & Lew 1995
